Today the Spanish population has exceeded a mark of 40 million inhabitants (44 108 530 inhabitants in 2010), and the density has made 79,7 persons on square kilometer.
Average life expectancy in 2010 has made 75,7 years for men and 83,1 for women.
To a sexual sign the population was divided thus: 50,62 % of the woman and 49,38 % of the man.
The urban population makes 76 %.
Indigenous population - Spaniards (Castilians), Catalans, Basques, Galicians. Recently in connection with process of autonomism and encouragement of studying of local languages (aragon language, asturleon language, etc.) in each independent community are to some extent formed own ethnic identity.
Spain is the champion on reception of immigrants among member countries of the European union. Acute problems are the problem of low birth rate and a problem of aging of the population.
The increase in population is almost equal by the current moment in Spain to a zero.
The national Institute of Statistics assumes that it has occurred because of reduction of intensity of an input of immigrants in the country that last years was the main reason of increase in the population.
The national Institute of Statistics has published prospect of growth of the population in Spain for next ten years, and it consists that by 2019, population growth hardly will reach 47 million inhabitants.
During the following of 10 years the average annual gain of indigenous population of Spain will make 113 000 inhabitants. Birth rate level will reach 1,54 children on one woman. Middle age of the woman giving birth to the child will be 31 year, such change is caused by that women - immigrants give birth to children after the Spanish women.

Immigration

As well as other Europeans during a XIX-th century, many Spaniards have been compelled to escape from poverty immigrating in the countries of America. The majority of inhabitants of Spain have chosen for immigration of the country of Latin America. However the situation has sharply exchanged in 1932 when the hospitable countries of Latin America overcoming consequences of crisis of 1929 have started to toughen requirements to immigrants and to accept them in smaller quantity. This situation and as the First World War beginning to some time has reduced outflow of inhabitants from Spain.
However during civil war (1936-1939) and after a victory of nationalists a significant amount of Spaniards has begun active immigration in the countries of Europe and America. This situation and as death rate during war has caused a considerable loss of a demography of the country.
In this connection the government makes decision to close country border, and within 20 years Spaniards stop immigration.
In time between 50-s' and 70-s' years, after border opening (the Plan of Stabilization 1959), a considerable quantity of the Spanish workers leave in northern and central parts of Europe, basically to France, Germany and Switzerland in job searches.
At that time these countries needed unskilled labor.
The migratory stream never exceeded 1 million persons as many workers after earnings came back.
Since first half 70-s', with the economic crisis beginning, immigration to the hospitable countries of Europe has strongly decreased. On the one hand the rate of unemployment there has started to grow, and accordingly ever less work began to offer immigrants. On the other hand the economic situation in Spain improved considerable rates, it was promoted by development of democracy and Spain subsequent the introduction into the European Community.
Since eightieth years, the situation in Spain changes radically. To Spain immigrants from Europe, the South America and the north of Africa start to be flown down.
In the mid-nineties the immigration average level to Spain already reaches 150 000 persons of able-bodied population in a year.
Then there were also other types of immigration, namely immigration of the European pensioners which in search of the sun start to move to live to coast of Spain. These immigrants are proved basically on the Mediterranean coast Balearsky and Canary Islands. They usually represent people with level of a prosperity above an average that promotes increase of level of sphere of services.
For today the National Institute of Statistics ascertains that immigration presence, is the main reason of increase in the population in Spain last years. However analyzing a current situation it became clear that the quantity of immigrants starts to be reduced sharply, for comparison in 2007 their level was 958.000 persons, and under forecasts in 2012 level will decrease to 345.000.

Birth rate and death rate

In the beginning of the XX-th century in domination of dictatorship birth rate in the country slightly weakens. Men start to emigrate from the country in search of earnings more and more, and in a consequence of it marry later. But the greatest recession of birth rate is necessary for a while since 1975. At this time the dictatorship epoch is replaced by democracy. In the country the economic crisis and the increasing quantity of women begins join the labor population of the country. Growth of the Spanish population approaches to zero.
The pyramid of age of inhabitants of Spain is similar to a mushroom, in which youngest generation the least on number, unlike the population born to 70-s' years.
However there is a distinction of birth rate depending on area of Spain so for example in Andalusia there are more than children, than in Navarra.
Pure vegetative calculation in Spain very low. So in 2002 416 518 children were born, and 366 538 persons have died, the difference makes only 49 990 persons. So that to receive sufficient growth of the population it is necessary to add to this quantity still immigrants. The quantity of immigrants has made 446 655 persons thus we will receive growth of 496 635 persons. From above told follows that the notable increase in population of Spain can be received only thanks to immigration development in the country.

National structure and religion

Spain is recognized by the uniform nation generated on the basis of various historical areas and ethnic groups, Catalans (15,6 %), Andaluzija (15,6 %), Castile (11,6 %), Valencia (9,7 %), Galicians (7,4 %) and Basques (5,6 %) are basic of which.
Inhabitants of Spain speak in four languages: Spanish, basque, Catalan and galician, however the state and most widespread language in the country nevertheless is Spanish.
The most part (95 %) believers - Catholics. Under the constitution of Kingdom of Spain the church is separated from the state. In 1979 the agreement has been entered into with Vatican which regulates till now relations between church and the state.